NCERT Revises Class 12 Political Science Textbook with Key Changes
2 minute read
• Updated on 3 Feb, 2026, 3:55 PM, by Arman Kumar
The NCERT has finalised revisions to the Class 12 Political Science textbook for the upcoming academic year, altering key geopolitical references and historical context. References to “Azad Pakistan” have been replaced with “Pakistan occupied Jammu and Kashmir (POJK)”, and a phrase describing military conflict with China is now termed “Chinese aggression”. The revised edition also includes mention of the abrogation of Article 370 and reflects broader curriculum edits
The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has released the finalised revisions to the Class 12 Political Science textbook for the upcoming academic session. These updates reflect changes in how certain historical and geopolitical topics are presented to students.
Major Textbook Updates and Content Revisions
“Azad Pakistan” Term Replaced with POJK
- In the chapter Politics in India Since Independence, the term “Azad Pakistan” has been removed.
- It has been replaced with “Pakistan occupied Jammu and Kashmir (POJK)” to align with current official terminology regarding territories under Pakistani control.
China Reference Updated to “Chinese Aggression”
- In the Contemporary World Politics chapter under India-China relations, the wording describing past conflict has been changed.
- The earlier phrase — “military conflict over a border dispute” — is now revised to “Chinese aggression on the Indian border”.
Inclusion of Article 370 Abrogation
- The updated book now explicitly mentions the abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir, noting that it was revoked in August 2019. This adds context to discussions about special provisions for the region.
Broader Curriculum Context
These changes come as part of a broader set of edits across the Class 12 Political Science syllabus. Other revisions in the updated textbooks include modifications to certain historical references and the framing of sensitive topics to reflect current perspectives. The NCERT has stated that the edits aim to align textbook content with contemporary realities and national positions while simplifying complex discussions for the school environment. The curriculum is widely used across CBSE-affiliated schools and serves as preparatory material for competitive exams such as CUET, NEET, JEE and UPSC.
Key Points of Change:
- “Azad Pakistan” → “Pakistan occupied Jammu and Kashmir (POJK)”
- India-China border wording updated to “Chinese aggression”
- Article 370 abrogation explicitly mentioned
- Wider curricular edits include removal or alteration of other politically sensitive references in earlier syllabus versions.
These revisions mark a significant update in how contemporary political and historical contexts are presented to Class 12 students in India.
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